NCLEX-PN Exam Cram

Description

Prepare for your NCLEX-PN® exam with the most targeted book on the market. The NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram blends the ideal level of discussion, lists and tables into an easily digestible format that allows you to train at your own pace. You will also find practice exams, notes, tips, exam alerts, skill highlights and the popular Cram Sheet tearcard, perfect for last-minute studying, included in this Exam Cram. Over 750 practice questions are included with many more on the CD-ROM, which will help you prepare for this Computer Adaptive Test. Also available to help you practice for the exam is NCLEX-PN®Practice Questions Exam Cram. Written by three experienced and well-educated RNs, the NCLEX-PN®Exam Cram is your best way to study quicker and score higher.

Back Cover

Prepare for your NCLEX-PN® exam with the most targeted book on the market. The NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram blends the ideal level of discussion, lists and tables into an easily digestible format that allows you to train at your own pace. You will also find practice exams, notes, tips, exam alerts, skill highlights and the popular Cram Sheet tearcard, perfect for last-minute studying, included in this Exam Cram. Over 750 practice questions are included with many more on the CD-ROM, which will help you prepare for this Computer Adaptive Test. Also available to help you practice for the exam is NCLEX-PN®Practice Questions Exam Cram. Written by three experienced and well-educated RNs, the NCLEX-PN®Exam Cram is your best way to study quicker and score higher.

Contents

Introduction.

Self-Assessment.

1. Preparing for the National Council Exam for Licensed Practical Nurses.

Preparing for the Exam

The Computer Adaptive Test

Testing Strategies

Reading the Question Carefully

Look for Keywords

Watch for Specific Details

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

2. Simplifying Pharmacology.

Pharmacology

Three Areas of Pharmacology

How Nurses Work with Pharmacology

Time-Released Drugs

Administering Medications

Understanding and Identifying the Various Drugs

Angiotensin-Converting Agents

Beta Adrenergic Blockers

Anti-Infectives (Aminoglycosides)

Benzodiazepines (Anticonvulsants/Sedative/Antianxiety)

Phenothiazines (Antipsychotic/Antiemetic)

Glucocorticoids

Antivirals

Cholesterol-Lowering Agents

Angiotensin Receptor Blockers

Cox 2 Enzyme Blockers

Histamine 2 Antagonists

Proton Pump Inhibitors

Anticoagulants

More Drug Identification Helpers

Herbals

Drug Schedules

Pregnancy Categories for Drugs

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

3. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Respiratory System.

Acute Respiratory Failure

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Pulmonary Embolus

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic Bronchitis

Emphysema

Asthma

Acute Respiratory Infections

Pneumonia

Pleurisy

Tuberculosis

Emerging Infections

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Legionnaire's Disease

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

4. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Renal and Genitourinary System.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

End Stage Renal Disease

Peritoneal Dialysis

Hemodialysis

Renal Transplants

Nephrotic Syndrome

Urinary Calculi

Urinary Tract Infections

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Bladder Cancer

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

5. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Hematopoietic System.

Anemia

Pernicious Anemia

Aplastic Anemia

Sickle Cell Anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Cooley's Anemia (Thalassemia Major)

Hemophilia

Polycythemia Vera

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

6. Caring for the Client with Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Acid/Base Balance.

Basic Knowledge of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Regulation of pH and Its Effect on Fluid and Electrolytes

How the Body Regulates pH

Metabolic Acidosis

Causes of Metabolic Acidosis

Symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis

Care of the Client with Metabolic Acidosis

Respiratory Acidosis

Causes of Respiratory Acidosis

Symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis

Caring for the Client with Respiratory Acidosis

Metabolic Alkalosis

Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

Symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis

Caring for the Client with Metabolic Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis

Symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis

Care of the Client with Respiratory Alkalosis

Normal Electrolyte Values

Changes Associated with Aging

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

7. Caring for the Client with Burns.

Burn Classifications

Burn Measurement with TBSA

Client Care for Burn Victims

The Emergent Phase

The Intermediate Phase

Dressings for Burns

The Rehabilitative Phase

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

8. Caring for the Client with Sensorineural Disorders.

Disorders of the Eyes

Intraocular Disorders

Retinal Disorders

Refractive Errors

Traumatic Injuries

Visual Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Ear Disorders

Otitis Externa

Assisting Clients with Hearing Loss

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

9. Caring for the Client with Cancer.

Cancer

American Cancer Society's Seven Warning Signs of Cancer

The Four Major Categories of Cancer

Risk Factors for Specific Cancers

Cancer Prevention

Patient Teaching

Management of the Client with Cancer

Radiation

Chemotherapy

Bone Marrow Transplantation

Types of Transplants

Nursing Care After Transplantation

Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Prognosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma

10 Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

10. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System.

Ulcers

Types of Ulcers

Inflammatory Bowel Disorders

Crohn's Disease (Regional Enteritis)

Ulcerative Colitis

Diverticulitis

Diagnosis of Diverticulitis

Treatment of Diverticulitis

Diseases Associated with the Liver

Hepatitis

Cirrhosis

Pancreatitis

Cholecystitis/Cholelithiasis

Symptoms of Cholecystitis

Symptoms of Cholethiasis

Treatment of Cholecystitis

Diagnosis of Cholecystitis/Cholethiasis

Treatment of Cholethiasis

Food-Borne Illnesses

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

11. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System.

Fractures

Treating Fractures

Compartment Syndrome

Osteomyelitis

Osteoporosis

Treatment of Osteoporosis

Gout

Treatment of the Client with Gout

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Musculoskeletal Surgical Procedures

Fractured Hip and Hip Replacement

Total Knee Replacement

Amputations

Assistive Devices for Ambulation

Crutches

Canes

Walkers

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

12. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Endocrine System.

Pituitary Disorders

Tumors of the Pituitary

Thyroid Disorders

Hypothyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Parathyroid Disorders

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperparathyroidism

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenocortical Insuffiency (Addison's Disease)

Adrenocortical Hypersecretion (Cushing's Disease)

Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

13. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Cardiovascular System.

Hypertension

Medications Used to Treat Hypertension

Heart Block

Toxicity to Medications

Malfunction of the Conduction System

Myocardial Infarction

Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction

Management of Myocardial Infarction Clients

Buerger's Disease

Thrombophlebitis

Raynaud's

Aneurysms

Congestive Heart Failure

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

14. Caring for the Client with Disorders of the Neurological System.

Seizures

Types of Seizures

Treatment of Seizure Clients

Status Epilepticus

Brain Injuries

Epidural Hematomas

Subdural Hematoma

Treatment of Epidural and Subdural Hematomas

Increased Intracranial Pressure

Treatment of ICP

Neurological Assessment

Cranial Nerve Assessment

Glasgow Coma Scale

Intracranial Pressure Monitors

Care of the Client with Intracranial Surgery (Craniotomy)

Spinal Cord Injury

Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries

Potential Complications with SCI Clients

Guillain-Barré

Treating Clients with Guillian-Barré

Degenerative Neurological Disorders

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

15. Caring for the Client with Psychiatric Disorders.

Anxiety-Related Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Somatoform Disorder

Panic Disorder

Phobic Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Personality Disorders

Cluster A

Cluster B

Cluster C

Managing Clients with Personality Disorders

Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia

Bipolar Disorders

Substance Abuse

Alcoholism

Other Commonly Abused Substances

Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence

Conduct Disorder

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder

Eating Disorders

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

16. Caring for the Maternal/Infant Client.

Signs of Pregnancy

Presumptive Signs

Probable Signs

Positive Signs

Prenatal Care

Prenatal Diet and Weight Maintenance

Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening

Other Prenatal Diagnostic Tests

Measuring Fetal Heart Tones

Signs of Complications of Pregnancy

Types of Abortions

Abnormalities Effecting Pregnancy

Diabetes in Pregnancy

Preeclampsia

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Cord Prolapse

Maternal Infections

Preterm Labor

Intrapartal Care

Stages of Labor

Phases of Labor

Important Terms You Should Know

Prelabor Testing

Fetal Monitoring

Pharmacologic Management of Labor

Postpartum Care

Terms Associated with the Normal Newborn

Rh Incompatibility

Contraception

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

17. Caring for the Pediatric Client.

Growth and Development

Infant (28 Days to 1 Year)  

Toddler (1-3 Years)

Preschooler (3-5 Years)

School Age (6-12 Years)

Adolescence (12-18 Years)

Congenital Anomalies

Anomalies of the Gastrointestinal System  

Anomalies of the Musculoskeltal System  

Anomalies of the Cardiovascular System  

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Respiratory Disorders

Acute Otitis Media

Tonsillitis

Laryngotracheobronchitis

Acute Epiglottitis

Bronchiolitis

Cystic Fibrosis (Mucoviscidosis)

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gastroenteritis

Pyloric Stenosis

Intussusception

Celiac (Gluten-induced Enteropathy, Celiac Sprue)

Cardiovascular Disorders

Rheumatic Fever

Kawasaki's Disease (Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome)

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Scoliosis

Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease (Coxa Plana)

Muscular Dystrophies

Childhood Cancer

Wilms Tumor (Nephroblastoma)

Leukemia

Osteogenic Sarcoma (Osteosarcoma)

Ingestion of Hazardous Substances

Salicylate Overdose

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) Overdose

Lead (Plumbism)

Iron Poisoning

Diagnostic Tests for Review

Pharmacology Categories for Review

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

18. Cultural Practices Influencing Nursing Care.

Cultural Diversity and Its Effect on Healthcare

Cultural Assessment

Understanding Client Beliefs

Working with Clients Who Speak Different Languages

Healthcare of Hispanics/Latinos

Time Considerations

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication

Childbirth and Pain Response

Native Americans and Alaskan Natives

Time Considerations  

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication

Childbirth and Pain Response

Asian-Americans

Time Considerations

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication

Childbirth and Pain Response

Arab-Americans

Time Considerations

Use of Nonverbal/Verbal Communication

Childbirth and Pain Response

Nursing Plan Dietary Considerations Across Cultures

Religious Beliefs and Refusal of Care Considerations

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

19. Legal Issues in Nursing Practice.

Legal Issues in Nursing Practice

Types of Laws

Statutory Laws/Regulatory Laws

Civil Law

Criminal Law

Common Law

Code of Ethical Behavior in Nursing Practice

Legalities That Affect Nursing Practice

Negligence

Malpractice

Assault

Torts

Fraud

Witnessing Consent for Care

Managing Client Care

Exam Prep Questions

Answer Rationales

20. Practice Exam I.

21. Answers to Practice Exam I.

Answer Rationales

22. Practice Exam II.

23. Answers to Practice Exam II.

Answer Rationales

Appendix A. CD Contents and Installation Instructions.

The CramMaster Engine

Multiple Test Modes

Pretest Mode

Adaptive Drill Mode

Simulated Exam Mode

Installing CramMaster for the NCLEX-PN(r) Exam

Using CramMaster for the : NCLEX-PN(r) Exam

Customer Support

Appendix B. Things You Forgot - on CD.

Appendix C. Alphabetical Listing of Nursing Boards in the United States and Protectorates - on CD.

Appendix D. Need to Know More? - on CD.

Glossary.

Index.

Author

NCLEX-PN® Exam CramAbout the Authors

Wilda Rinehart received her associate degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi. After working as a staff nurse and charge nurse, she became a public health nurse and served in that capacity for a number of years. In 1975, she received her Nurse Practitioner Certification in obstetric-gynecology from the University of Mississippi Medical Center in Jackson, Mississippi. In 1979, she completed her bachelor's of science degree in nursing from Mississippi University for Women and the following year completed her master's degree in nursing from the same university. In 1980, Ms. Rinehart accepted a faculty position at Northeast Mississippi Community College where she has taught medical-surgical nursing and obstetrical nursing. In 1982, she founded Rinehart and Associates Educational Consults. For the past 22 years, she and her associates have worked with nursing graduates and schools of nursing to assist graduates to pass the National Council Licensure Exam for Nursing. She has also worked with faculty who want to improve their item writing skills and as a curriculum consultant. Ms. Rinehart has served as a convention speaker throughout the southeastern United States and as a reviewer of medical-surgical and obstetric texts. She has coauthored NCLEX® review materials and is presently working on DVD and CD review programs. As president of Rinehart and Associates, she serves as coordinator of a company dedicated to improving the quality of health through nursing education.

Dr. Diann Sloan holds an associate degree in nursing from Northeast Mississippi Community College, a bachelor's degree in nursing from the University of Mississippi, and a master's degree in nursing from Mississippi University for Women. In addition to her nursing degrees, she holds a master of science in education degree in counseling psychology from Georgia State University and a doctor of philosophy degree in counselor education, with minors in both psychology and educational psychology, from Mississippi State University. She has completed additional graduate studies in healthcare administration at Western New England College and the University of Mississippi.

As a nurse educator, Dr. Sloan has taught pediatric nursing, psychiatric mental health nursing, and medical surgical nursing in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. As a member of Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review, Dr. Sloan has conducted test construction workshops for faculty and nursing review seminars for both registered and practical nurse graduates. She has coauthored materials used in the item writing workshops for nursing faculty and Rinehart and Associates Nursing Review. She is a member of Sigma Theta Tau nursing honor society.

Clara Hurd is an associate degree nurse graduate of Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville, Mississippi (1975). Her experiences in nursing are clinically based, having served as a staff nurse in medical-surgical nursing. She has worked as an oncology, intensive care, orthopedics, neurological, and pediatric nurse. She received her bachelor of science degree in nursing from the University of North Alabama in Florence, Alabama, and her master's degree in nursing from the Mississippi University for Women in Columbus, Mississippi. She is currently serving as a nurse educator at Northeast Mississippi Community College teaching medical-surgical content. Ms. Hurd has taught in both associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. She was a faculty member of Mississippi University for Women; Austin Peay State University in Clarksville, Tennessee; and Tennessee State University in Nashville, Tennessee. Ms. Hurd joined Rinehart and Associates in 1993. She has worked with students in preparing for the National Council Licensure Exam and with faculty as a consultant in writing test items. Ms. Hurd has also been a presenter at nursing conventions on various topics, including item writing for nursing faculty. Her primary professional goal is to prepare the student and graduate for excellence in the delivery of healthcare.

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